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3.3.U1 One diploid nucleus divides by meiosis to produce four haploid nuclei.
3.3.U2 The halving of the chromosome number allows a sexual life cycle with fusion of gametes.
3.3.U3 DNA is replicated before meiosis so that all chromosomes consist of two sister chromatids.
3.3.U4 The early stages of meiosis involve pairing of homologous chromosomes and crossing over followed by condensation. [The process of chiasmata formation need not be explained.]
3.3.U5 Orientation of pairs of homologous chromosomes prior to separation is random.
3.3.U6 Separation of pairs of homologous chromosomes in the first division of meiosis halves the chromosome number.
3.3.U7 Crossing over and random orientation promotes genetic variation.
3.3.U8 Fusion of gametes from different parents promotes genetic variation.
3.3.A1 Non-disjunction can cause Down syndrome and other chromosome abnormalities.
3.3.A2 Studies showing age of parents influences chances of non-disjunction.
3.3.A3 Description of methods used to obtain cells for karyotype analysis e.g. chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis and the associated risks.
3.3.S1 Drawing diagrams to show the stages of meiosis resulting in the formation of four haploid cells. [Drawings of the stages of meiosis do not need to include chiasmata. Preparation of microscope slides showing meiosis is challenging and permanent slides should be available in case no cells in meiosis are visible in temporary mounts.]
3.3.U2 The halving of the chromosome number allows a sexual life cycle with fusion of gametes.
3.3.U3 DNA is replicated before meiosis so that all chromosomes consist of two sister chromatids.
3.3.U4 The early stages of meiosis involve pairing of homologous chromosomes and crossing over followed by condensation. [The process of chiasmata formation need not be explained.]
3.3.U5 Orientation of pairs of homologous chromosomes prior to separation is random.
3.3.U6 Separation of pairs of homologous chromosomes in the first division of meiosis halves the chromosome number.
3.3.U7 Crossing over and random orientation promotes genetic variation.
3.3.U8 Fusion of gametes from different parents promotes genetic variation.
3.3.A1 Non-disjunction can cause Down syndrome and other chromosome abnormalities.
3.3.A2 Studies showing age of parents influences chances of non-disjunction.
3.3.A3 Description of methods used to obtain cells for karyotype analysis e.g. chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis and the associated risks.
3.3.S1 Drawing diagrams to show the stages of meiosis resulting in the formation of four haploid cells. [Drawings of the stages of meiosis do not need to include chiasmata. Preparation of microscope slides showing meiosis is challenging and permanent slides should be available in case no cells in meiosis are visible in temporary mounts.]
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Extra Resources
Phases of Meiosis
Phases of Meosis by the Khan academy
Meiosis by St Olaf
Meosis by Biostudio
Random Orientation and Independent Assortment
Random Orientation by McGraw and Hill
Independent Assortment by Sumanas Inc.
Non-disjunction and Trisomy
Non-disjunction and Trisomy by Learn.Genetics
Non-disjunction happening during Meosis I and Meosis II by Biostudio
Testing for Genetic Disorders
Amniocentesis procedure by MedIndia
Phases of Meosis by the Khan academy
Meiosis by St Olaf
Meosis by Biostudio
Random Orientation and Independent Assortment
Random Orientation by McGraw and Hill
Independent Assortment by Sumanas Inc.
Non-disjunction and Trisomy
Non-disjunction and Trisomy by Learn.Genetics
Non-disjunction happening during Meosis I and Meosis II by Biostudio
Testing for Genetic Disorders
Amniocentesis procedure by MedIndia
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